Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment - 3687 Words

1. Morality PRO: The crimes of rape, torture, treason, kidnapping, murder, larceny, and perjury pivot on a moral code that escapes apodictic [indisputably true] proof by expert testimony or otherwise. But communities would plunge into anarchy if they could not act on moral assumptions less certain than that the sun will rise in the east and set in the west. Abolitionists may contend that the death penalty is inherently immoral because governments should never take human life, no matter what the provocation. But that is an article of faith, not of fact. The death penalty honors human dignity by treating the defendant as a free moral actor able to control his own destiny for good or for ill; it does not treat him as an animal with no moral†¦show more content†¦People fear nothing more than death. Therefore, nothing will deter a criminal more than the fear of death... life in prison is less feared. Murderers clearly prefer it to execution -- otherwise, they would not try to be sentenced to life in prison instead of death... Therefore, a life sentence must be less deterrent than a death sentence. And we must execute murderers as long as it is merely possible that their execution protects citizens from future murder. Ernest Van Den Haag, PhD Late Professor of Jurisprudence at Fordham University For the Death Penalty, New York Times Oct. 17, 1983 CON: [T]here is no credible evidence that the death penalty deters crime more effectively than long terms of imprisonment. States that have death penalty laws do not have lower crime rates or murder rates than states without such laws. And states that have abolished capital punishment show no significant changes in either crime or murder rates. The death penalty has no deterrent effect. Claims that each execution deters a certain number of murders have been thoroughly discredited by social science research. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) The Death Penalty: Questions and Answers, ACLU.org Apr. 9, 2007 4. Retribution PRO: Society is justly ordered when each person receives what is due to him. Crime disturbs this just order, for the criminal takes from people their lives, peace, liberties, and worldly goods in order to give himselfShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1608 Words   |  7 Pageswhere capital punishment is legal. As of April 2016, there have been 1,431 executions in the United States, but the number of executions in recent years has been steadily decreasing (Timmons 2017). The death penalty can be put up for moral debate, and one can ask oneself whether the death penalty is ever morally permissible. There are some pros and cons to having capital punishment. For example, deterrence and prevention are good reasons to have the death penalty, but, in reality, the cons far outweighRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1237 Words   |  5 PagesPros and Cons of Capital Punishment INTRODUCTION Each year there are around 250 people added to death row and 35 executed. The death penalty is the most severe method of penalty enforced in the United Sates today. Once a jury has condemned a criminal of a crime they go to the following part of the trial, the punishment phase. If the jury recommends the death penalty and the judge coincides, then the criminal will face some form of execution. Lethal injection is the most common process of executionRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1319 Words   |  6 PagesPeople and courts often justify capital punishment as society’s moral duty to safeguard the safety and well-being of its citizens. According to Miriam-Webster, capital punishment is the practice of killing people as punishment for serious crimes. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human being. There is much controversy in the punishment of offenders who have committed murder. It is the maximum sentence a person can receive if the crime of murder is com mitted. Some would say it is inhumaneRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1303 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment: The Benefits and Downfalls Taylor M. Osborne Charleston Southern University Abstract The following essay explores the pros and cons of capital punishment. A brief history of how capital punishment was introduced into modern society is included. Various resources have been used for research which include online articles, studies, and textbook references. This paper suggests the costs of capital punishment to be very high, but brings closure and justice to families, and evenRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Capital punishment is one of the most controversial ethical issues that our country faces these days. Capital punishment is the legal penalty of death for a person that has performed heinous acts in the eyes of the judicial system. Discussion on whether capital punishment is humane or considered cruel and unusual punishment has been the main issue this of debate for years. Recent discussion goes far beyond the act itself but now brings into question whether medical personal shouldRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Since the mid 1900’s, capital punishment has brought many individuals into many diverse view points throughout the years. Capital punishment is a way of punishing a convict by killing him or her because of the crime he or she committed. Capital punishment will always have its pros and cons. There are opponents who absolutely disagree with capital punishment. And then there are advocates who support the idea. In the advocates view point, capital punishmentRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of capital punishment is one that is highly debated in our society today. Capital punishment is the ultimate punishment our society can give one for their actions. On the other hand, it is viewed as a denial of human rights that promotes more violence in our society. Religious Tolerance.org states that in the United States, over 13,000 people have been legally executed since colonial times. (Religious Tolerance) Is capital punis hment a moral act? It is not a moral punishment as it deniesRead MoreDeath Penalty: The Pros and Cons of Capital Punishment Essay527 Words   |  3 Pagesto you about these problems with the death penalty in my paper. Everyone should ask themselves what they believe. Do you believe that by killing people using the death it will save lives. The death penalty is called capital punishment. You get sentenced with capital punishment for really bad crimes. Some of the ways they do the death penalty are with lethal injection, deadly gas. In some of the foreign countries they will kill people that have been given the death penalty by a firing squadRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesAdvent Catholic Encyclopedia, Capital Punishment is the infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime. Capital Punishment, also known as, the Death Penalty has been around for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes (www.deathpenaltyinfo.org). Not only is Capital Punishment ancient, it is highly controversialRead MoreBureau Of Justice Statistics : The United States Primary Source For Criminal Justice1439 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). U.S. Department of Justice. 25 Nov. 2014. Web. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. Bureau of Justice Statistics is the United States primary source for criminal justice statistics. The website has published information on crime, criminal offenders, victims of crime, and the operation of justice systems at all levels of government. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is a component of the Office

Swot Analysis Tesla Motors - 1501 Words

SWOT analysis of tesla motors Tesla motor is a car company that manufactures, design and sell electric car. The company named was named after a famous scientist and physicist Nikola tesla. Its headquarter is located in Palo Alto, California and it has a main production plant is in Fremont, California. Currently tesla motors have launched three models, the tesla roadster, model S, and model X. According to Elon musk, Cofounder and Ceo of tesla motors, â€Å"A Tesla motor was created to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport. Elon musk is a cofounder of PayPal and space exploration as well as chairman of space X and the solar city. Tesla factory in Fremont is currently manufacturing about 1200 to 1250 car per week. If we clear a path to the creation of compelling electric vehicles, but then lay intellectual property landmines behind us to inhibit others, we are acting in a manner contrary to that goal. Tesla will not initiate patent lawsuits against anyone who, in good faith, wants to use our technology.â €  Beneath the surface, however, there are opportunity and threats, strength and risks. OPPORTUNTIY Tesla motor has had a quite a brilliant climb into the automotive world. Cars are synonymous with the American dream but the politics of oil and environment are raising question on how to fuel that dream. JB Straubel founder of tesla motors said that, â€Å"we are solving problems for our children our grand children, oil is a finite resource and eventually we have to find aShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Tesla Motors917 Words   |  4 PagesCOMM101 – Sec. 106 September 9, 2014 SWOT Analysis Tesla Motors Will (Xiaowei) Zhang #16928146 Strengths †¢ Innovative, inventive, unrestrained by traditional ideas; they effectively created their own market †¢ The connotation exists that Tesla is a premium brand that builds high quality vehicles (supported by their release of sports/luxury models before all else, and their pricing) †¢ Tesla Motors operates within a new niche with few competitors; this gives them pricing power.Read MoreTesla Motors External Analyis961 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ SWOT ANALYSIS OF TESLA MOTORS SWOT analysis is an integral tool which helps management to identify the internal strength and weakness of an organization and make strategies accordingly to grab external future opportunities and fight against external threats (Kerin ,Hartley and Rudelius ,2012). The report here focuses on the external factors of a SWOT analysis of Tesla Motors (i.e. on Opportunities and Threats). Opportunities The future external opportunities available to Tesla Motors are discussedRead MoreTesla Motors, Inc.1172 Words   |  5 PagesTesla Motors, Inc. is an American automotive and energy storage giant firm that designs and manufactures electronically powered cars, their components and battery products. Tesla Motors is a public company that trades on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol TSLA. Tesla reported profit in first quarter of 2013, which was first time ever in their history. Since its foundation in 2003, Tesla Motors has recorded most noticeable breakthroughs in the market of electric vehicles by their own developedRead MoreTesla Motors, Inc. Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesAs a young automotive company, Tesla Motors, Inc. exhibits a list of strengths that has made the company successful with manufacturing and selling of their luxury electric vehicles (Eisler, 2016, p. 35). Tesla Motors, Inc. has a technological advantage in the battery market industry with their partnersh ip with Panasonic. Panasonic and Tesla collaborated in the development of the Gigafactory, which â€Å"is designed to churn out cells for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with a combined energy storageRead MoreTesla Motors, Inc. Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesTesla Motors, Inc. was founded in 2003 and joined the automobile industry out of Silicon Valley. The company is located in 30 different countries with 18 stores worldwide (Mangram, 2012, p. 296). Tesla Motors entered the automobile industry from a different approach in manufacturing automobiles. The company began designing, manufacturing, and marketing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) making Tesla the only manufacturer to sell a zero-emission sports car, the Tesla Roadster (Mangram, 2012, p. 296)Read Moretesla swot Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis: TESLA MOTORS By Xin Xiong August 10th 2014 Company Overview Founded in 2003 and based in Palo Alto, Tesla Motors is one of the leading high-tech automobile companies, which produce the fully electrical vehicles and powertrain elements. The company runs operations in 31 countries and hires over 6,000 staff around the world. Tesla Motors has an increasingly high growth rate, recording its revenues of 2,013,496 in 2013 (See Figure 1). Sales of its current model, Tesla Model S, reachRead MorePestel, Porter s 5 Forces, And Swot Analysis1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe organisation in the market, a situational analysis is conducted on the firm, describing its market and strategic strongholds, as well as weaknesses. For a clear explanation of the organisation’s situation, the PESTEL, Porter’s 5 Forces, and SWOT analysis will be conducted. It will provide a better understanding of the state of the firm, with a consideration of internal and external factors. 2.1 Pestle Analysis please see appendix 1 PESTEL analysis focuses on evaluating the external market throughRead MoreCompany Analysis : Tesla Motors1036 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough Tesla Motors product line could be considered a niche market they have plenty of opportunities to expand their product line globally, (Thompson et al., 2016). The firm’s vision outlines that they plan to expand their product line to promote growth and drive down the cost of their automobiles. Another important opportunity would be many countries are developing strong regulations that favor electric cars and the market is constantly growing due to increased fuel costs. Again Tesla Motors hasRead MoreTesla Motors Case Study. As Pressure Increases The Need1740 Words   |  7 PagesTesla Motors Case Study As pressure increases the need to develop alternative forms of powering the worlds petroleum powered vehicles a new company is attempting to disrupt to auto industry with a business model that challenges the status quo and force entrenched incumbents to alter their current vision for the future of the automobile market. Tesla was created to directly address the challenge of creating a viable alternative to the internal combustion engine. Tesla is the first company that commerciallyRead MoreNew Entrants : Teslas Ingenuity1419 Words   |  6 Pagesan influx of competitors out there that can roll with the Tesla such as the Dodge Circuit that has a 200-mile range which will make Tesla sweat a little bit (Mangram, 2012, pg. 300). Then again, Tesla is 100% electric where all other competitors are hybrids (electric and gasoline). IV. Internal Environment A. Corporate Structure Tesla vehicles are produced in Fremont, CA where they produce over 1000 cars per week (â€Å"About Tesla | Tesla Motors,† n.d.). It has a specialized production plant in Lathrop

High School Life Free Essays

Robert Revilla Mr. Osman English 35 #31127 March 17, 2013 The Past and Present of Teenagers Ask any teenager today and they will tell you that they are nothing like their parents, that their parents just don’t understand them. This may be true and this may be false, it just depends on how you look at it. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teenagers of the Rebel Without a Cause, meaning the parents of today’s teens, did face a lot of the same problems and issues that we now face. Yet I am left thinking did the past teens face all the same problems at the same time as we do and were some of their â€Å"problems† not as much of a problem as it is to us. Teens from the past and present are faced with problems such as school, relationships, and friends. There were many teenage problems back then in â€Å"Rebel Without a Cause† and today’s teenagers. Most of these problems that Jim Stark and the other teens faced were similar, but my own belief is that these same problems were not as big of problem back when they were growing up. Let’s take school and homework for example, oh sure your parents had it too but I just don’t believe that there was as much pressure upon them to get good grades. Also, get into a good college as there is for us. And of course with the knowledge that college is right around the corner most teens also need to work. They need to save money for college, or a car, or to make the girl/boy of their dreams happy by taking them out on dates once in a while. Plus, all this pressure and work can build up for a teen and to most of us it seems like we never have a chance to just relax and hang out with friends anymore. It relates to the movie because some of the teens do not care about homework or going to school. The reason is that was back then it was easy to get a job by only having a high school diploma with no college education. But, now in our teen lives it is hard to get a job with a high school diploma. Another thing that is different from the past from the present is the fashion that students wear. In the past, boys wear plain regular clothes and the cool guys always wear black jackets or blazers. It is similar like what a gang member usually wears right now. Except the gangs have their baggy pants or shorts and show their boxers in black or white. It is weird how those kind of guys like to show-off their boxers or underwear. For the girls in the past, they all mostly put on dresses. Now girls mostly wear skirts or short shorts. Plus, girls always try to put on the sexiest clothes to wear because to get all the attention and be popular. Like in the movie, Jim Stark wears different clothes from his classmates. The reason is that he moved to a lot of different high schools because he never made any friends and doesn’t fit in with the other teens. Also, in every high school he went to the teens called Jim, â€Å"Chicken†. Why he is called that because the teenagers see him acting like a chicken, when Jim does not want to get into trouble. I think back then music for teens like, â€Å"Rebel Without a Cause†, probably listened to rock and roll. But now teens prefer rapping and hip hop music. It’s interesting how music has changed so much in the past because teens loved to get crazy on rock and roll. I wonder how teens will react if music never came to rock and roll. Probably teens will make their own music or have to try out their parent’s music, which were more hip hop and dance music. Now teens today have a mix of genres they like to listen. Most teens in the present relate their music to their emotions. The reason is because they must have some problems in their lives and music helps teens release stress. Plus, I am sure that it happens to the teens in the past except not big problems compare to our teen years. I bet Jim Stark and his classmates love to listen to rock and roll. Even though it does not show in the movie that they played rock and roll, but back then there was a lot of rock and roll. The teens in the early years prefer rock and roll because it was something they can be themselves with their friends. Sometimes parents cannot stand their teen’s music and tells them to turn it off or take it away from them. It is weird how in the movie, it shows parents like Jim’s parents how they do not care about his school issues. For instance, when Jim’s classmates call him chicken, he tells them to stop and be angry to his parents. Then Jim’s parents decide to move somewhere else again, which happen several times. Jim does not want that because he thinks it is going to happen all over again. So, basically Jim’s parents do not really help him and his life that much. But comparing to today’s teens, Jim’s parents and other parents show more concern for each of their son/daughter’s education to make them successful in life. I can see that every year new parents learn from their past seeing their mom and dad on how they take care of their son or daughter. Then later on the new parents learn from their parent’s mistakes and become a better parent. There are things that are similar between our time and the movie, â€Å"Rebel Without a Cause†. One is that teens hate doing homework and waking up early for school. Teens in the past and present struggle with their emotions like in relationships or family issues. Jim shows his emotions to his parents in the movie. He tells them how he feels every time when he transfers to a new school and he is not good at making any relationships or friends. The main reason is everyone calls him chicken because he is different from his classmates and they think he is afraid of them. I just want to say that I am not saying that teenagers of the past did not have their own problems, but of course they did, every single teen alive faces problems that they think is hard and that their whole world is crumbling down around them well at least once in a while. But now that they have grown up and turned into the parents of today’s teenagers I feel that they put more pressure upon their own teenage child in order for them to achieve more than they were able to. A common expression is, â€Å"My parents are so strict, overprotective, or too involved in my life, because they don’t want me making the same mistakes they did when they were my age but they need to trust me and just leave me alone. † And that expression can sometimes is kind of true. But all in all I feel that our parents do understand what we, as teenagers, are going through because they did face the same problems that we face today, but maybe with just a little less pressure. How to cite High School Life, Essay examples

Componential Model of Creative Performance - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theComponential Model of Creative Performance for Theory. Answer: The componential theory of creative performance is a model that explains the social and cognitive components that an individual requires to produce creative work. The model has a broad application in which it can be applied in both academic institutions and the corporate world. According to this theory, creativity is an art and science of producing novel ideas that are necessary and appropriate in actualizing a particular goal (Amabile, 2012). The model has four key features or components that can be broadly classified into two categories: elements within the individual, domain-relevant skills, creative thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation and component outside the individual that is the individuals social environment. Creative domain-relevant skills consist of knowledge, technical skills, expertise, talent, and intelligence that an individual holds in a particular domain. It also includes factual knowledge and familiarity of the domain in question such as in product design or chemistry. Usually, the accurate knowledge is derived from the formal education. The nature of the domain-relevant skills significantly affects the degree of creativity exhibited. For instance, an individual that has a conscious understanding of the general principle surrounding a particular domain question will be more creative than a person with narrow collections of facts (Amabile, 2012). Creative domain skills form a foundation from which a problem solver can draft possible response or solutions to a given domain problem. Similarly, an individual can use this knowledge to assess the viability of postulated reaction. Creative thinking skills otherwise termed as the creativity-relevant process includes cognitive processes characterized by the ability understanding complexities and an aptitude to break perceptual set during problem-solving. Similarly, it takes into account the cognitive process and personality traits that are necessary for taking a novel perspective on problems and skills of generating new ideas (Amabile Pratt, 2016). The cognitive processes entail the ability to deploy broad and flexible categories for synthesizing information as well as the aptitude to break out of the standard perceptual scripts. Creative thinking process involves a working model attributed with the ability to concentrate effort on a particular problem for a considerable period. The ideal personality characteristics include self-discipline, patience, independence, perseverance from frustration, and tolerance of ambiguity. According to this mode, more creative work or responses are generated when individuals und ertake activities that suspend judgment during brainstorming, entertains response options, and applies broad categories in connecting several bits of information (Simonton, 2012). Creative thinking skills are enhanced through training and experience in generating novel ideas. Task motivation is also an essential feature in the componential model of creative performance. There are two forms of task motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. The former is centered on the passion. Intrinsically motivated individual to undertake a task simply because it is satisfying, involving, exciting, or personally challenging (Cerasoli, Nicklin Ford, 2014). In extrinsic motivation, the individual is motivated to work as a result of rewards, evaluation, surveillance, or work requirements. This model emphasizes the importance of intrinsic task motivation: it argues that individuals tend to be creative when they are motivated by intrinsic factors such as passion, interest, and satisfaction. The social environment feature of the componential theory of creativity takes into account the extrinsic motivators that can potentially undermine or stimulate intrinsic motivation (Amabile Pillemer, 2012). It also includes social factors that serve as stimulants or obstacles to creativity. Norms of criticism of new ideas and emphasis of the status quo have shown to limit creativity; however, factors such as real challenges within school or work, teamwork, and freedom in excessing new ideas have proved to stimulate intrinsic motivation and creativity. The componential model of creative performance can be integrated into learning programs as a strategy to enhance creativity among students in the discipline of sciences. In a science-based subject classroom, teachers should ensure that learners are engaged in building their domain relevant skills in regards to the specific discipline such as in biology, chemistry, earth sciences, and physics. Therefore, educators should offer comprehensive academic content that will enable students to have sound knowledge in science-based subjects. To enhance creative thinking process, the educator should give students the liberty to formulate a hypothesis and practical methodologies detailing how they will execute a particular experiment. During the process of developing the hypothesis, the learners can exercise their creative thinking skills. In case the experiment fails to produce results that are in line with their hypothesis or the expected results, the students will be intrinsically motivated t o find out what they need to amend in their methodologies to obtain the desired results. Similarly, educators should engage learners in project-based learning: this further enhances intrinsic motivation. Moreover, teachers should enhance a social environment that encourages new ideas, expression, innovation, and brainstorming. It is clear that componential model of creative performance, when implemented efficiently, can significantly boost creativity among student. The model specifies that creativity requires a convergence of domain-relevant skills, creative, relevant process, task motivation, and social environment. Therefore, the highest degree of creativity is achieved when an intrinsically motivated individual with a sound domain knowledge and excellent creative thinking skills works in a social environment that encourages creativity. References Amabile, T. (2012).Componential theory of creativity(pp. 3-4). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Amabile, T. M., Pillemer, J. (2012). Perspectives on the social psychology of creativity.The Journal of Creative Behavior,46(1), 3-15. Amabile, T. M., Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning.Research in Organizational Behavior,36, 157-183. Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin,140(4), 980. Simonton, D. K. (2012). Teaching creativity: Current findings, trends, and controversies in the psychology of creativity.The teaching of Psychology,39(3), 217-222.

Cape Bretons and European Influence

According to the National Geographic, the human history of Cape Breton can be traced back to 10,000 years of migration (National Geographic, p.1). Ancient people groups came here to settle thousands of years ago.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cape Breton’s and European Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But with regards to European settlers, their arrival started in the 15th century when explorers came to visit the area. Some of the first European settlers who came were the Portuguese and the French. Scottish, Irish, Dutch and English families who were attracted to the beautiful landscape of Nova Scotia followed them. From the Medieval period, up until the modern age, significant migrations of Europeans transformed Cape Breton into a melting pot of European culture. Although there is evidence to show that Portuguese sailors and fishermen were the first to establish a settlement in Cape B reton, it was the French who dominated the area in the 16th and 17th century. The ascension of French rule in the land coincided with the fact that France was the recognized superpower in Europe during this time (Naylor, p.96). But eventually the power of France to dominate Europe and its colonies began to wane in the 18th century (Naylor, p.96). The decline of France’s military and economic might also coincided with the rise of the British Empire in both Eastern and Western hemispheres.Advertising Looking for research paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the most significant developments was the success of the British Empire in dominating North America in territories that will one day become the United States of America (Magocsi, p.308). It did not take long before the British Empire began to expand its colonies to include not only the American colonies but also territories located in Canada . It was the French who first made a significant impact on Cape Breton’s culture. But the British were also considered as one of the â€Å"founding peoples† of Cape Breton (Magcosi, p.308). The interaction of the British and the French settlers shaped the culture of Cape Breton and its surrounding areas. The political turmoil in France and its financial woes made it difficult for the once powerful French government to manage its colonies and to expand its dominion in the realms outside Europe. When the French loosen its grip in Nova Scotia, it was the British who took over. The second major event that significantly altered the cultural landscape of Cape Breton and Nova Scotia was the American Revolution. Before the United States was established, the American colonies were under the control of the British Crown. When the Americans successfully defeated the British Empire, English soldiers and loyalists to the British Crown had to find a place where they can avail of pol itical asylum. These were families, soldiers and public officials who used to live in the Thirteen Colonies of America.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cape Breton’s and European Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These people were called Loyalists and considered by many to be Canada’s first political refugees (Simcoe, p.1). Many of them found a home in Nova Scotia and some of them began to build communities within the vicinity of Cape Breton. It did not take long before the British settlers began to influence a significant portion of Cape Breton’s culture. British influence was particularly evident when it came to politics, the legal system, and religion (Magcosi, p.309). The influx of settlers who came from the American colonies did not end the migration that shaped Nova Scotia and Cape Breton’s culture. In the early part of the 19th century, Nova Scotia witnessed t he arrival of thousands of European settlers. The immigrants were Scots, Irish and Welsh (Wolak, p.1). There is a need to clarify the English label used to describe these peoples. Technically these people groups came from England and therefore they are labelled as British. However, the English, Irish, Scots, and Welsh â€Å"must be distinguished from one another in any detailed look at Canadian culture since they have generally regarded themselves as separate peoples, and the nature of the cultural baggage that each brought was sufficiently distinct to warrant such consideration† (Magocsi, p.310). A deeper appreciation of the distinction between these people groups will result in a deeper understanding of how they shaped the culture of present day Nova Scotia and Cape Breton. Even with the significant waves of migration that altered Nova Scotia and Cape Breton’s cultural landscape, the number of settlers was not enough to enhance the economic and political aspect of th e area.Advertising Looking for research paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to one commentary, â€Å"At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Cape Breton Island was a thinly settled, extensively forested, and relatively underdeveloped colony of Great Britain †¦ barely 2,500 people lived on the island† (Hornsby, p.3). The few people who were there developed settlements around the coast. By this time the amalgamation of culture was evident. There were French-speaking Acadians in the Isle of Madame and Cheticamp (Hornsby, p.4). The Loyalists can also be found in the said area and they were contented to build their settlements around Sydney and the Baddeck River (Hornsby, p.4). The other settlers are from Southern Ireland. At the same time there were Gaelic-speaking Scots. Cape Breton’s economy was influenced by cod fishery. Cod fishing provided livelihood for the majority of the inhabitants and at the same time, the said industry attracted British mercantile capital and skilled labour. Canada in general and Nova Scotia in partic ular began to receive more immigrants from Europe. It has been ascertained that from the 19th century and well into the 20th century, many people groups from Europe began their journey toward Canada and many found their way to Nova Scotia (Wolak, p.1). Many of those who came were European Jews who wanted to evade persecution in their respective homelands. As a result many of the European Jews who came to Nova Scotia can trace their ancestry to Jewish families that originated in Poland, Lithuania, Germany and Russia. Conclusion Ancient peoples were the original settlers in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton. But beginning in the 15th century, European explorers began to establish settlements in the area. There were two dominant â€Å"founding peoples† that shaped the culture of Nova Scotia and these are the French and the British. But the weak economy and military strength of the French government forced them to yield to the British Empire. The political refugees that sought asylum a fter the American Revolution augmented the influx of British people into the region. These were the Loyalists from the American colonies. But in the 19th and 20th century, the region saw mass migrations from Europe. It was the influence of the British Empire that significantly altered the cultural landscape of the region. Nevertheless, one cannot deny the cultural impact of the French people. For example, even in the 21st century there are some inhabitants of Cape Breton that still speak the French language. Works Cited Hornsby, Stephen. Nineteenth-Century Cape Breton: A Historical Geography.  Quebec: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992. Print. Magcosi, Paul. Encyclopedia of Canada’s Peoples. UK: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Print. National Geographic. 2012. Cape Breton. Web. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/parks/cape-breton-highlands-canada-park/. Naylor, R.T. Canada in the European Age, 1453-1919. Quebec: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 20 06. Print. Simcoe, Elizabeth. 2012. Loyalists, the First Refugees. Web.http://www.canadiana.ca/. Wolak, Arthur 2012. An East Coast Jewel. Web. This research paper on Cape Breton’s and European Influence was written and submitted by user Kristen Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Circadian rhythm essay Essay Example

Circadian rhythm essay Essay Example Circadian rhythm essay Paper Circadian rhythm essay Paper Introduction Circadian is a combination of two Latin words, â€Å"circa† that means about and â€Å"dia† that means day. The literal meaning of circadian is â€Å"about a day.† Simply put then, Circadian Rhythm is the regular flow of activity within a day. Human Circadian Rhythms are biological activities that follow a 24-hour cycle regulated by the human â€Å"biological clock† (Klein, et al., 2007). This â€Å"biological clock† tells the body how to respond accurately to the changing settings in the environment. One of the most evident bodily functions related to the Circadian Rhythm is sleep. Sleep helps the body â€Å"re-set† at least every 24 hours. It is controlled by external cues, particularly the rising and setting of the sun. This is called the sleep-wake pattern. It relies on light (Silva, Albuquerque and Araujo, 2005) to indicate time. The rising and setting of the sun is the most powerful control of the rhythms. This is the reason why humans are normally asleep at night and awake in the day. The Circadian Rhythm has both endogenous and exogenous components (Thomas, 2003). The endogenous component is the human internal clock that is controlled by the brain’s hypothalamus. It sets cues as to when a certain body function is expected to run. On the other hand, the exogenous component comprises external cues from the environment. These external cues act as stimuli to body functions. Circadian Rhythms need both components to work. Regulated temperature is an example of the endogenous and exogenous components working together. The onset of the Circadian Rhythms is believed to be during the fist 6 months of life (Pobojewski, 2007). During this time the human body already adapts to certain cycles and set of normal activities. The body learns periods of sleeping, eating, excreting and maintaining of vital signs. Discrepancies in these cycles usually create an unwanted response. It is safe to assume that once the human body learns such cycles, it would be very difficult to break them. The Human Circadian Rhythm is as individual as humans themselves. No two Circadian Rhythm patterns are alike. Each is developed and enhanced according to the individual’s set of cues, both endogenous and exogenous. There are some instances when an individual has to ignore the Circadian Rhythm. This is possible only for a short period of time. Many diagnosed illnesses are often related to prolonged disruption of the Circadian Rhythm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arguably the most common characteristic present among things with life, the Circadian Rhythm, is as prominent in animals as it is in human beings. The storing of nuts by a squirrel, the spinning of webs by a spider, the burying of eggs in the beach by a turtle, the feeling of hunger during lunch by a human being are all controlled by the Circadian Rhythms. In fact, animals rely heavily on their own â€Å"biological clocks† to complete many of their regular activities (Labak, 2005).   Animals are driven by their â€Å"biological clocks† to mating so that they can give birth during the mild seasons, when food is abundant. The light/dark pattern is important to animals. Animals that rely on vision to forage for food are most active in the day. On the other hand, those that are capable of activity with minimal dependence to sight are usually active at night. Animals take their cues for migration and hibernation from the length of days that indicate the turn of seasons. What humans normally refer to as instincts in animals are actually Circadian Rhythms in action. They are the driving force to all animal activities. A number of studies have been conducted that correlates body functions with the Circadian Rhythm. Studies have been conducted to assess the effects of the rhythms to various mental and psychological disorders. It has also been scrutinized against many physiological illnesses, more specifically when the rhythms are disrupted. However in more recent times, the Circadian Rhythm has been studied for the purpose of performance enhancement. In fact, more and more studies are being conducted of the Circadian Rhythm and its relation to athletic performance. In many cases, the rhythms have been found to have a significant effect (Klein, 2007). The Circadian Rhythm and its effects are now slowly being considered in design of training regimens and performance assessments. This paper aims to present a clearer understanding of the relationship between the Circadian Rhythm and human activity. Through experimentation, the significance of the Circadian Rhythm will be highlighted. In the end an inference of how to maximize this relationship will be drawn. Materials and Method Section Animal physiology 433 laboratory class designed a lab experiment to study biological rhythms. The study of biological rhythms took place during the winter quarter of 2008. There were eighty-nine students selected to participate in this study. Four types of measurement tests were chosen to study rhythms. These tests included measurements of pulse rate, eye-hand coordination, adding speed, and body temperature. The measurement were collected every two hours during the 24-hour period. Each student had one week to gather their data. While collecting the data, the student was required to disturb their â€Å"normal sleep and awakening time†, meaning that students had to wake up in the middle of the night or interrupt their daily schedule to collect data. The collection data during the rest phase needs to be gathered right away when student wakes up without getting up from the bed. It is recommended that each student divided their rest phase measurement for different nights, instead of taking all measurements in one night. They performed the pulse measurement. There were several ways to measure the pulse rate. One way was to place the index finger on the side of the wrist, just above the wrist bone, and press lightly. The beats were counted for one minute or for 10 seconds and multiplied by six. Another way to measure pulse was by taking the pulse from the artery to the right or left near the Adam’s apple and counting the beats per minute. Students performed the eye-hand coordination test. Using the dominant had, touch the index finger with the thumb and count â€Å"1†, then take the thumb and touch the middle finger and count â€Å"2†. Once the thumb is touching the little finger get to the little finger, count â€Å"4†. Now count by going backward, first touching the ring finger and count â€Å"5†, then the middle finger and count â€Å"6† and to the index finger and count â€Å"7†. Perform these procedures until have reached the count to â€Å"25†. At â€Å"25†, the thumb and the index finger must be touching each other. Try to practice the movement before doing the actual measurement. If a student makes a mistake then is required to start counting over again. Student needs to record how many times it takes to complete the correct count.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Student measured adding speed. For this test, the required material is a table of one digit numbers placed in columns. Using a piece of paper, the student should place it at the bottom of the second row of numbers. As the student moves the paper down to the third row the student needs to add the first and the second row numbers. Move the paper down to the third row and add second and third line. Add only two lines at the same time by continuing to count until added the entire column. Finally record the time that is took to complete this procedure. Use different column for each circadian time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Measurement is oral temperature. Student should beging by using a reusable thermometer to measure the temperature. Taking the thermometer and place it under the tongue for one minute. After a minute passes readily read the thermometer by looking at the last black dot, it will show the temperature in Fahrenheit. Finally, rinse the thermometer with soapy water or wipe with rubbing alcohol. Dry it and store in the thermometer case. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study of circadian rhythms over the 24-hour period has shown the following results. According to Figure 1, the highest heart rate was recorded between 1200-2000 and lowest heart rate was at 400. The maximum heart rate was approximately 78 beats per minute during the hours 1200-2000 or from 1000-2200. The minimum heart rate was at 0400 about 65 beats per minute or between 0200-0600.   The mean heart rate is significantly different between midnight and daytime (P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The highest eye-hand coordination count is at 400 in the morning and lowest at 1200. It takes about 11 sec to perform eye-hand coordination test at 0400 or between hours of 0200-0600. And the minimum is at 1200 (7 sec) or between hours of 0800-2200.The mean eye-hand coordination is significantly differ at 0400 than eye-hand coordination count between noon (Figure 2, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The maximum number of mistakes is at 0400 (1 number of mistakes) or between 0200-0400. On the other hand, the minimum is from 0600-2400 (between 0.2-0.6 number of mistakes). The mean number of trials with mistakes have differ significantly during the night that during the daytime (Figure 3, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). The highest values for adding speed occur at 0400 and lowest value is between   1200-1400 and 2000. Being maximum at 0400 (77 sec) or from 2400-0800 and minimum is between 1200-1400 and 2000 (approximately 53 sec) or between 0600-2400 The mean adding speed is significantly differ at 400 than during the daytime (Figure 4, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). The highest body temperature observed between 1400-1800 hours and the lowest at 0400. Maximum at 1400-1800 (97 °F) or 1000-2200 and minimum at 0400 (96 °F ) or 2400-0800. The mean oral temperature at midnight is also significantly lower than temperature between 1400-1800 (Figure 5, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). Discussion: In the past, several studies have been conducted to demonstrate the diurnal variations that occur in the heart beat.   One of the main factors that control the heart beat include the two components of the autonomic nervous system, namely, the sympathetic component and the parasympathetic component.   Both these components have opposing actions.   A study conducted by Stein et al (2006) demonstrated that the heart rate variations are very much dependent on the circadian cycle compared to the ultradian cycle.   Stein et al involved about 113 subjects in his study between the ages 48 to 68.   He included about 68 men and 48 women.   One of the main instruments utilized in his study was an overnight polysomnographic ECG, which could help determine the heart rate and record the diurnal variation. In another study conducted by Bonnemeier et al (2003), demonstrated that during vagal stimulation had a significant role over the heart rate.   In turn, the vagus stimulation was controlled by the circadian cycle.   With age, there was a decrease in the vagal stimulation leading to decreased in the parasympathetic activity at night times.   Bonnemeier et al utilized 166 healthy subjects who did not suffer from any cardiac disorder.   About 85 women and 80 men, between the ages of 30 to 55 years formed a part of this study. Several external and internal factors helped to control temperature including circadian factors, menstrual factors, etc.   Sund-Levander et al who conducted several experiments on temperature variation found that the time of the day and then season, had a significant role over temperature.   Recently, it was found that time of the day controlled the temperature from an internal mechanism rather than an external.   Between the 1960’s, 1970’s and the 1980’s, more than 2700 articles have been published the internal role the circadian cycle has over body temperature variation.   Some of the factors that had a role over the circadian cycle included the light and day cycles and the meal timings.   Earlier study conducted by Kelly Greg et al in 2006 demonstrated that the temperature of the body was lowest between 3 am to 6 am and highest between 4 pm to 9 pm.   The difference between these two temperatures was about 1.8 degrees F.   Greg also found that se veral other factors could affect this variation in temperature. Although no current evidence is available to demonstrate that maximum number of human errors occurs during 2 am to 4 am, current literature suggest that the human tendency to make mistakes is higher during the early morning period.   This is because relatively fewer research studies have been conducted in this area.   One of the vital areas in which attention is required by the personnel is the night shifts in the trauma unit of a hospital.   Studies have shown that as these personnel experience a disruption of the circadian cycle, they are bound to make mistakes in the early morning hours.   Fatigue has been one of the causes for these errors.   In the past, 4 major disasters in the World have occurred due to disasters by the personnel during the early morning hours.   Scientists suggest that the human body circadian cycle is tuned in such a way that during the early morning hours, human physical and mental activity is minimized (Duncan, Jha, Bates, 2001). A study was conducted by Edwards et al (2008) to determine the level of accuracy at different times of the day in order to determine the effect on circadian cycle.   The individuals had to aim at a target and reach the center of the target as close as possible.   This task required a great level of eye-hand coordination.   Before the performance of the task, the oral temperature was recorded.   This study demonstrated a close relationship between the oral temperature and performance levels (Edwards et al, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus it can be said that the findings of this study have been consistent with that of the past studies.   The results of this study seem to be very specific and precise, as it points out to specific periods in a 24-hour cycle.   Such data needs to be studied further through advanced studies, and of in consistent results are obtained, could the results of this study be utilized for practical purposes.   Besides, long-term studies need to be performed in individuals with a disturbance in the circadian cycle. References: Bonnemeier H, Richardt G, Potratz J et al (2003). †Circadian profile of cardiac autonomic nervous modulation in healthy subjects: differing effects of aging and gender on heart rate variability.† J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 14(8), 791-799. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890036?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1 Duncan, B. W., Jha, A.K., Bates, D. W. (2001). â€Å"Chapter 46. Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Medical Errors.† In. Shojania, K. G., Duncan, B. W., McDonald, K. M. et al (Ed). Making Health Care Safer A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices, Rockville: AHRQ. ahrq.gov/Clinic/ptsafety/index.html#toc Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Reilly, T. (2008). â€Å"Circadian rhythms and their association with body temperature and time awake when performing a simple task with the dominant and non-dominant hand.† Chronobiol Int., 25(1), 115-32. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18293153?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Kelly, G. (2006). â€Å"Body Temperature Variability (Part 1): A Review of the History of Body Temperature and its Variability Due to Site Selection, Biological Rhythms, Fitness, and Aging.† Alternate Medicine Review, 11(4). 278-293. thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/11/4/278.pdf Stein, P. K., Domitrovich, P. P., Lundequam, E. J. et al (2006). â€Å"Circadian and ultradian rhythms in heart rate variability.† Biomed Tech (Berl), 51(4), 155-158. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061928?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1 Number of pages: 2 (Double Spaced) [?] Deadline: February 27 7:33 [?] T Number of sources: 5 [?] Style: APA  [?] Urgency:   Ã‚   4 days Time remaining: 1 days 23 hours 48 minutes Status: Order is available Messages: 0 [?] Files: 3 Description: [?] Preferred language style: English(U.S.) Draft Discussion and Literature Cited Sections Dear writer, Now I need to write a discussion section for my paper. You already wrote the introduction section for me, I wrote the material method section, and the result. Can you please help me to write a discussion. It needs to contain the following information: 1. Provides 4-5 general statements that interpret the results of the current study. 2. These general statements are the topic (first) or concluding (last) sentences of the paragraphs. 3. The general statements are expanded upon with support from the current study, including whether or not the current results agree with previously reported results. 4. The general statements are expanded upon with support from the literature. The supporting statements are referenced with Figure numbers ( Figure 1, 2,3,4 or 5) or literature citations that are in one of two forms (Last names of authors, year of publication) or (number from literature cited section). 5. The final paragraph in the Discussion section contains a concluding statement that summarizes the current findings in relation to previous work and a sentence that states whether or not the current findings support or refute the original hypothesis. 6. General: a. Flow of the narrative, i.e. is there a logical organization to the sentences in the text? Is the reader taken on a journey by the author that culminates in the final conclusion? b. The narrative provides the average biological scientist with a general understanding of the results of the current study and their relationship to previous research findings. Literature Cited: 1. Includes at least 5 references, at most one reference is a textbook and 1 is a review article. 2. References are numbered and listed in alphabetical order. 3. All references cited in the text are found in the Literature Cited section. 4. All references cited in the Literature Cited section can be found in the text. The sources must be primary because last time they were not. A primary source articles contain a full research report including all of the details necessary to duplicate a study. A primary source article usually contains the followings sections: an abstract that summarizes the paper, an introduction that contains the rationale for the study, a method section that describes in detail the subjects or participants in the study and the procedure, stimuli and equipment used in the study, a results section that describes what was found and any statistical analyses that were performed, a discussion section that explores the implications of the findings, and a references section that lists the literature cited throughout the paper. Primary source articles are most often found in scientific journals. I will also attach the lecture notes that my teacher gave us on circadian rhythm. You cant use lecture as a primary source, but the pdf file with graph contain some primary sources underneath the graphs that could be used for this paper. The lecture notes explain the details of each graph very well. You can use 2 sources from the pdf file, then one has to be a book, and another 2 primarily articles. Please paraphrase the text and do not use direct quotes as you did for the introduction section. Also use simple language so that the paper will flow. Contact me if you have any questions.

Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Macbeth - Essay Example The previous success on the battlefield and the fulfillment of the first prophecy make the once skeptical Macbeth attach seriousness to the witches’ words. Macbeth, through the assistance of Lady Macbeth, struggles to make the prophecy true in all ways possible. Throughout the play, Macbeth’s actions are motivated by the existence of supernatural elements, from the witches to Banquo’s ghost to the nightmares and the Apparitions among others. A critical analysis of supernaturalism in the tragedy in connection to Macbeth’s life reveals the influence of the elements of his actions. The trio of witches that Macbeth encounters at the onset of the play influences almost all his actions henceforth. After the defeat of two different armies (from Ireland and Norway) invading Scotland, Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches who give them the prophecy that shapes their life entirely. The witches’ prophecy seems of great influence on Macbeth as it triggers the quest for the attainment of power. To Macbeth, the First Witch, the Second Witch, and the Third Witch say, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!† and â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!† respectively (Shakespeare 8). Even though Macbeth holds their words with skepticism at first, they influence his life and actions to entirety. The fulfillment of the first prophecy made by the Second Witch, terming Macbeth as the Thane of Cawdor motivates most of his actions thereafter. This is a clear indication that supernaturalism plays an extensive role in the development of the character of Macbeth. Concerning his leadership as the Thane of Cawdor, the Second Witch says, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!† (Shakespeare 8).Macbeth disdains the witches at first. The prophecy comes to pass after King Duncan expresses gratitude towards Macbeth and Banquo for the success on the battlefield. Macbeth is named

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Compare and contrast the use of shapes and color in the works of Antoni Gaudi and Friedensreich Hundertwasser - Essay Example Hundertwassers structures are not focused around bones like Gaudis. The greater part of his structures looks current. He utilizes a combo of unexpected shapes and squares of shadow to make his structures emerge from different structures. This picture demonstrates within one of his structures. There are numerous diverse shades inside, which do not go together however look great in the way they are masterminded. Two of the most noted, imaginative and regarded specialists of the twentieth century, Antoni Gaudi and Friedensreich Hundertwasser, made works that will always live in the archives of aesthetic legend. While Hundertwasser speaks to a later school of Austrian craft, and worked primarily in Vienna, Gaudi, expert of the incredible, colored a prior scene in Barcelona, Spain with legendary construction modeling that right up until today has not been copied. While the works of both artists speak to blasts of color and structure, most who perspective, those, without cautious examination and assessment, might not see their reasonable likenesses fit as a fiddle and utilization of shade. They do exist. The aim of the essay is to show similarities and differences between the masterpieces of two architects from different countries and different period. The similarities is the cause to find more differences and versus. Waiting lines for entry into the artist’s most famous structure, La Sagrada Familia are always long. Tourists come to observe its amazing mix of shapes and influencesthat startle and bring tears to the eyes of many. Gaudi never finished La Sagrada Familia before his death in 1926 after being struck by a tram car. The Eye on Spain website states that the work is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site; ongoing work on the cathedral led by architect Jordi Bonet i Armengol is using modern computer design technology to finish the work. For Gaudi, a man ahead of his time, Barcelona was his palette upon which he designed and created his

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The Lively Art Of Writing Questions English Language Essay

The Lively Art Of Writing Questions English Language Essay 1) The difference between an opinion and a fact is that an opinion can be used as the main topic of an essay. It is based on partial knowledge of a subject where the writer thinks what seems true. In a fact, however, the statements are based on absolute certainty and can be proven if needed to. Facts can not be used as an essay topic since no sides exist, meaning no people to persuade. 2) Although facts do not make admirable essay topics, they do provide the needed support for an opinion. If an essay is purely based on personal feelings, nothing is available to prove those emotions. What is needed are strong facts which can show the reader the impartial aspects of the main idea. 3) Opinions may prove a writers viewpoint, but not all of them are created equal. In terms of writing an essay, a more detailed opinion (more than just a yes or no answer) is preferred. This makes the topic more interesting to read and forces the writer think in a less general perspective. The legitimacy of the opinion is also considered when it comes down to quality. A writer needs a statement that creates controversy to stir up interest. An opinion that is generally accepted to be true would not be a topic to choose since hardly any factual evidence would exist to support the opposition. 4) Assuming a writer has all the background information needed, an essay topic on an American foreign policy would be a great choice. In this opinion, one nation is enforcing a rule based in another country. This would pull people from both America and the foreign country to either oppose or support this policy. With the numerous amount of people involved, controversy will be unavoidable. This controversy plays a key role in the topic since people will be interested and want to see how this policy will support/oppose their own views. 5) Of the five groups of topics, only one from each group would make a strong topic. In the first group (A-D), Sewing as a Hobby would be the better choice since people have different viewpoints on how sewing is a hobby. The variety of topics in sewing would also give the writer the work of narrowing the topic down to a single or few aspects. In group E-H, the choice would be Driver Training Programs Cost Too Much. This is an excellent topic for both support and opposition and for looking though the viewpoints of multiple people, such as students, parents, or other people in a community. The winner of best topic in the third group (I-J) would go to Moby Dick, Americas Greatest novel. This statement would relate to anyone who has read the novel and has created an opinion on the quality of it. Using these opinions, interest would be created and people would gladly voice their love/hate for the classic. In choices M-P, the best topic would be High Points in American Literature. Great am ounts of literature have been composed in American history and that would bring out numerous high points. People will have their views on which should be crowned best. In the final group (Q-T), The Student Council is Outmoded would be the choice since this would stir up views from teachers, students, and parents. Depending on their likings of the student council, they would strongly support or oppose it since this audience would have a strong view on what is best for the students. 6) The chief difference between a typical term paper and an essay is that an essay is mainly a persuasive piece of writing. In it, the writer writes on a certain topic which reflects his/her opinions. In a term paper, however, the writer is mainly focused on providing the facts in order to tell about a subject. 7) A. Edison Invented the Electric-Light Bulb would be a poor essay topic since that is a fact and it can be proven without much effort. B. The weakness of Teachers Should Explain Things More Clearly is that this topic is too emotional. Hardly any facts that would prove this true. C. No weakness lies in the topic Science Has Influenced Modern Life. D. Safe Driving Should be Encouraged is another weak topic as this statement is supported by a vast majority of people. It would be ridiculous go against safe driving. E. Although The Responsibilities of Students may seem like a feasible topic, it is actually quite poor since varieties of responsibilities exist and they can mostly be agreed on by everyone. Chapter Two 1) The difference between a thesis and an opinion is that an opinion is a broad idea. This cannot be used as a strong basis for an essay, but when it is condensed down to a specific point, it becomes a thesis. A thesis, now with all excess information cut away, is now ready to become a main point of an essay. 2) To narrow down an opinion to a thesis, five steps are required. The first step is to take inventory, and that means to take into consideration all that is known about the topic. After seeing all the information available, ask questions that derive from the opinion. Make sure that the questions asked are still related to the topic. When a question that seems appeasing is found, look for relationships between this question and the original opinion. Try to find what commonalities they share and search for statements that can be used as a thesis. Then ask the yes-or-no question; if both a supportive and negative statement can be given, then it is on its way to becoming a thesis. The final step in the process is to qualify the statement by narrowing it down. Choose which point to write on and specify a degree of support/opposition. 3) The value of a yes-or-no question is small when it is viewed as a an essay topic, but is very useful in finding a proper thesis. The question will help define a particular viewpoint, which is the basis of growth to a more specific statement. It will also help determine whether or not the statement is appropriate for use as a thesis. 4) Qualification of a thesis is important since that is where the the feelings toward an opinion come in. Qualifying outlines the degree of support or opposition, thus it helps guide the writer on the right path when writing an essay. This process is also useful for looking at both sides of an opinion and it can help the writer take them into consideration. Chapter Three 1) The three elements that create a full thesis are the statement itself, the supporting points, and the opposing points. 2) In writing, the full thesis is related to the psychology of an argument since the goal of a thesis is to persuade, just like how one tries win in an argument. Arguments arent won just by pure factual information nor is it won by emotions alone. The thesis statement highlights the main view of an argument, thus taking a stand. Then the use of both the supporting and opposing statements are used to persuade the reader/opposition. With these two sides, the persuader can use factual information along with some opposing statements, in an attempt to win by including facts with a hint of emotion. 3) The full thesis statement should be kept in view when writing since this prevents the writer from steering off into another topic. It also reminds the writer of the degree of the thesis and in turn, this ensures the appropriate details are being added into the essay. 4) When writing an essay, a full thesis should be followed as much as possible, but it is possible to have some leeway. The thesis should only be used as a guide since there should always be creativity in a paper. Following this guideline is great for beginning writers, but as experience racks in, it will be normal for writers to sway away from following a strict guideline. Chapter Four 1) An essay needs a concluding paragraph since it ties all of the middle section together. It brings the essay to a formal close, thus leaving the reader with satisfaction. 2) The introduction helps write the conclusion since the format of the two paragraphs are very similar. The introduction starts out broad and narrows down to a point (the thesis). In a conclusion, however, the thesis expands out into the broad subject used in the introduction. Therefore, the writer can look at the introduction and then use the information to help plan out the conclusion. 3) It is likely that the introduction will have to be rewritten since the middle is not necessarily completely based off of the thesis. Ideas will frequently change throughout the writing process, thus the intro could then become inaccurate. It must be revised to fit the new middle section before the conclusion is made since it is significantly based off of the introduction. 4) The structure of a conclusion is the exact reverse as that of the introduction. It starts out at a specific point (thesis) and gradually works its way to become a vague idea. Instead of trying to prove a point in the middle, it is tying in (restating) the middle section. 5) Every time an idea from the middle is used in the conclusion, it rings a bell in the readers mind. The reader recognizes this statement from the essay and is thus once reminded. This will be an effect that prolongs the memory of the ideas listed in the essay. 6) A person can summarize without listing by using references to the middle text or introduction. Instead of listing the points, talk about the significant points, thus the reader is reminded and the deadly three point conclusion is not used. 7) To broaden a conclusion means to get more vague in a subject until the broad point is reached (which would be the idea used in the beginning of the introduction). The writer reviews what was stated in the preceding starting form the first sentence in the conclusion, therefore the writer begins to talk more vaguely. Chapter Five 1) Style in writing is similar to style in any other kind of activity since it takes time to create. Just like how athletes train to get skill and gracefulness, a writer must train to get his own expertise. Style also is what stands out to the audience. Similar to how people admire different athletes for different traits, readers will learn to respect a writers method. 2) It is important to learn what not to do in writing since that is how the writer gains experience. If a writer was told only what to do, he can make numerous mistakes and not even notice it, as they are abiding by the to do rules. He must be told what not to do in case of the multiple times that this event might take place. Just like in bowling, the person is told to roll the ball to try to knock all of the pins down. If he is not informed to not cross the line, then he could walk over it and not know the consequence until its too late. 3) Two rules that shall be applied to my writing is to only use third person and to never use the word there. 4) The use of a personal pronoun weakens a statement since it gives the reader a sense of the writers uncertainty such as in the sentence I believe that animal cruelty is wrong. If no pronoun is used, then the writer is giving a sense of command and confidence just like in Animal cruelty is wrong. 5) To substitute first and third person means to revise a statement so that only a third persons point of view is used. The process usually involves cutting out the personal parts if it is substituting for a first person view and rewording if for a second person view. 6) The elimination of the word there forces writers to use better verbs since it requires thought to fill in the blank space. Leaving the space blank would usually mean a boring sentence. It is best filled with an action verb to give the sentence life.

Images, Symbols and Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 :: Fahrenheit 451 Essays

Images and Symbols of Fahrenheit 451 Imagine a future in which all books are banned and censored in an attempt to keep the human race from thinking for themselves. Such a lifestyle is depicted in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. This frightening world is one in which people are controlled by the government in every way. A number of restrictions are placed upon the people of this society. One of which is the prohibition of the possession and/or reading of literature. The firemen of this time are paid not to protect citizens from the danger of fires, but to burn all books to ashes. One fireman, by the name of Montag is (opened up to the ways of a life)<THIS IS VAUGE BE MORE SPECIFIC> in which people read, think, and live freely. Bradbury uses poetic devices throughout the novel to paint vivid images. Two of these poetic IMAGES are the use of fire and water WHICH portray different meanings. Bradbury refers to fire and its purpose on a number of occasions. To the firemen, fire symbolizes purification through the burning of books. This is ironic since such an act usually denotes destruction. Captain Beatty, chief of the fire department, believes that "fire is bright and fire is clean."(60) This belief develops when he explains to Montag the reasoning behind burning books. The reader is at this time given an image of Beatty, his character, and his way of thinking. In one instance, the flames were used to cleanse the fire department of its evils by its elimination of the chief. In this case, "Montag shot one continuous pulse of liquid fire on [Beatty]" until "he was a shrieking blaze, a jumping, sprawling gibbering mannikin, no longer human or known, all writhing flame on the lawn."(119) A picture is created in the mind of the reader showing how Montag finally stands up for what he believes is right. Furthermore, when Montag set his own house ablaze, he undergoes an uncommon emotional experience in which he views the fire as a new starting point. The fire signifies Montag sterilizing his life by burning his house and "he felt himself gush out in the fire, snatch, rend, rip in half with flame, and put away the senseless problem."(116) This captures Montag in a stage of anger and frustration after his wife has left him and his chief is ready to arrest him.